Game math guides
RTP, house edge, volatility, and turnover — the statistics behind the games, in plain numbers.
Published
RTP is a long-run average — here's what that actually means
How return-to-player is measured and certified, why versions of the same game differ, and why your session is not the average.
Read the guide →
Published
House edge in plain numbers: the price of play
The operator's statistical advantage expressed as an average cost per unit of turnover — not a prediction of your session.
Read the guide →
Published
Volatility: why two 96% games feel completely different
Hit frequency, payout size, and bankroll swings — the distribution around the average that RTP alone doesn't describe.
Read the guide →
Published
Turnover vs. bankroll: why you can wager 3,000 from a 100 budget
The re-staking cycle explained round by round — why total wagered dwarfs your budget, and which number to compare against it.
Read the guide →
All guides follow the sourcing rules on the methodology page. Help resources are on the responsible gambling page.